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Willow Trees

A World in our Willows Trees

Don’t underestimate our humble willow trees – they are home to a rich and diverse habitat.

A single willow tree supports thousands of different organisms from bacteria in the soil, to fungi, frogs, insects, small mammals and birds to large mammals, raptors and owls.

Willow Warbler on female willow tree
Willow Warbler

Willow trees are dioecious meaning that each tree is either male or female. Holly, poplar and ash are other trees that have separate sexes. So to produce seeds there will need to be a tree of the opposite sex in the vicinity for successfully pollination.

Willows rely on insects for pollination and in return insects rely on the willow for food. There are over 450 species of plant eating invertebrates that benefit from the willow. This includes 162 different butterflies and 104 different species of bees and wasps. It is one of the most important plants of late winter and early spring when there is little food around. Perhaps for insects the male tree is the most beneficial. The female flowers only produce nectar but the male flowers produce both nectar and pollen.

Pussy willow the male catkins (flowers) of willow trees
Pussy willow the male catkins (flowers) of willow trees

Willow Trees provide an early harvest for insects

In late January and February, depending on the species of willow, the catkins (the flowers) reveal themselves. Like cat’s fur the male catkin are soft and silky hence the name pussy willow. The insects search out the sweetly scented nectar at the base of each catkin.

Buff-tailed bumblebee feeding on the pollen from a male willow flower

Nectar is a good source of energy for insects.  Packed with carbohydrates this sugary water gives insects the energy to fly. So this is a vital food for insects that need a quick burst of energy. That’s why you will see queen bumble bees that have just come out of hibernation buzzing around willow trees.

Nature’s larder doesn’t stop here. These silky “pussy willow” catkins will soon be dripping with golden pollen.  Pollen is protein packed and good for reproduction. So bees will feed it to their young so they grow strong and healthy.

So sit a while by a willow tree and watch the insects and birds which visit; you might even be lucky enough to see small mammals scurrying around its roots.
Do you know how many willows are on the reserve? Let us know how many you find.

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